About African Masks

The Masks of Africa were made primarily for religious and ritual purposes that have no parallel in European-based societies. The masks were not meant to be decorative objects or museum pieces, but were made to be used in public performances and private rituals.

Information on the culture and traditions of African ethnic groups is incomplete and, in some cases, nonexistent. Much of the traditional way of life has now disappeared in Africa because of the spread of Islam and Christianity and the effect of colonial rule. In the 1800s and much of the 1900s, Africa was dominated by European powers. The French, British, Belgian, German, Italian, Dutch, and Portuguese colonists divided much of the land and controlled most of Africa. The borders the Europeans make split up some societies and grouped others together. Ghana did not gain independence from colonial occupation until 1957. After that, a wave of independence movements followed throughout the continent. The aftermath of colonial rule and subsequent revolution have left many African societies struggling for survival and stability.

            The art of mask making survives in some societies that still make them for private rituals and public ceremonies. Carvers in some places make masks especially for tourists and collectors. All are worthy of further study.

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